For Azure SQL Managed Instance use Transact-SQL (T-SQL) to turn TDE on and off on a database. SMB 3.0, which used to access Azure Files shares, supports encryption, and it's available in Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, and Windows 10. If a user has contributor permissions (Azure RBAC) to a key vault management plane, they can grant themselves access to the data plane by setting a key vault access policy. Data encryption at rest is available for services across the software as a service (SaaS), platform as a service (PaaS), and infrastructure as a service (IaaS) cloud models. One of two keys in Double Key Encryption follows this model. If the predefined roles don't fit your needs, you can define your own roles. You can use either type of key management, or both: By default, a storage account is encrypted with a key that is scoped to the entire storage account. Keys should be backed up whenever created or rotated. For information about encryption and key management for Azure managed disks, see Server-side encryption of Azure managed disks. However, the Azure Storage client libraries for Blob Storage and Queue Storage also provide client-side encryption for customers who need to encrypt data on the client. Due to these limitations, most Azure services do not support server-side encryption using customer-managed keys in customer-controlled hardware. AES handles encryption, decryption, and key management transparently. Operations that are included involve: Taking manual COPY-ONLY backup of a database encrypted by service-managed TDE is not supported in Azure SQL Managed Instance, since the certificate used for encryption is not accessible. For a more detailed discussion of how data at rest is encrypted in Azure, see Azure Data Encryption-at-Rest. Encryption at rest provides data protection for stored data (at rest). The Blob Storage and Queue Storage client libraries uses AES in order to encrypt user data. These secure management workstations can help you mitigate some of these attacks and ensure that your data is safer. The service is fully compliant with PCI DSS, HIPAA and FedRAMP certifications. You maintain complete control of the keys. Configuring Encryption for Data at Rest in Microsoft Azure. Data encryption Arguably, encryption is the best form of protection for data at restit's certainly one of the best. On database startup, the encrypted DEK is decrypted and then used for decryption and re-encryption of the database files in the SQL Server database engine process. This article provides an overview of how encryption is used in Microsoft Azure. Using client-side encryption with Table Storage is not recommended. Server-side encryption using service-managed keys therefore quickly addresses the need to have encryption at rest with low overhead to the customer. If you choose to manage encryption with your own keys, you have two options. In that model, the Resource Provider performs the encrypt and decrypt operations. Storage Service Encryption uses 256-bit Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) encryption, which is one of the strongest block ciphers available. It includes: With client-side encryption, cloud service providers dont have access to the encryption keys and cannot decrypt this data. This combination makes it difficult for someone to intercept and access data that is in transit. Encryption of the database file is performed at the page level. SQL Managed Instance databases created through restore inherit encryption status from the source. By default, TDE is enabled for all newly deployed Azure SQL Databases and must be manually enabled for older databases of Azure SQL Database. With client-side encryption, you can manage and store keys on-premises or in another secure location. You can configure a point-to-site VPN connection to a virtual network by using the Azure portal with certificate authentication or PowerShell. Industry and government regulations such as HIPAA, PCI and FedRAMP, lay out specific safeguards regarding data protection and encryption requirements. By default, Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS) provides encryption at rest for all disks using Microsoft-managed keys. Best practices: Use encryption to help mitigate risks related to unauthorized data access. This protection technology uses encryption, identity, and authorization policies. Storing an encryption key in Azure Key Vault ensures secure key access and central management of keys. Best practice: Secure access from multiple workstations located on-premises to an Azure virtual network. If you are managing your own keys, you can rotate the MEK. To help protect data in the cloud, you need to account for the possible states in which your data can occur, and what controls are available for that state. If you have specific key rotation requirements, Microsoft recommends that you move to customer-managed keys so that you can manage and audit the rotation yourself. ), monitoring usage, and ensuring only authorized parties can access them. Each section includes links to more detailed information. Encryption at Rest is a common security requirement. Best practice: Use a secure management workstation to protect sensitive accounts, tasks, and data. You can use an Azure VPN gateway to send encrypted traffic between your virtual network and your on-premises location across a public connection, or to send traffic between virtual networks. Detail: Use site-to-site VPN. All Azure Storage resources are encrypted, including blobs, disks, files, queues, and tables. By default, TDE is enabled for all newly deployed Azure SQL Databases and must be manually enabled for older databases of Azure SQL Database. Azure Storage uses service-side encryption (SSE) to automatically encrypt your data when it is persisted to the cloud. creating, revoking, etc. By using the Azure Backup service, you can back up and restore encrypted virtual machines (VMs) that use Key Encryption Key (KEK) configuration. Create a site-to-site connection in the Azure portal, Create a site-to-site connection in PowerShell, Create a virtual network with a site-to-site VPN connection by using CLI. For example, if the BACPAC file is exported from a SQL Server instance, the imported content of the new database isn't automatically encrypted. Data encryption at rest is a mandatory step toward data privacy, compliance, and data sovereignty. For more information on Microsoft's approach to FIPS 140-2 validation, see Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) Publication 140-2. You can perform client-side encryption of Azure blobs in various ways. Data may be partitioned, and different keys may be used for each partition. It is recommended not to store any sensitive data in system databases. If you choose to use ExpressRoute, you can also encrypt the data at the application level by using SSL/TLS or other protocols for added protection. Encryption keys and secrets are safeguarded in your Azure Key Vault subscription. The encryption can be performed by the service application in Azure, or by an application running in the customer data center. When server-side encryption using customer-managed keys in customer-controlled hardware is used, the key encryption keys are maintained on a system configured by the customer. Amazon S3. Like PaaS, IaaS solutions can leverage other Azure services that store data encrypted at rest. For Azure SQL Managed Instance, the TDE protector is set at the instance level and it is inherited by all encrypted databases on that instance. Restore of backup file to Azure SQL Managed Instance, SQL Server running on an Azure virtual machine also can use an asymmetric key from Key Vault. It performs real-time encryption and decryption of the database, associated backups, and transaction log files at rest without requiring changes to the application. The subscription administrator or owner should use a secure access workstation or a privileged access workstation. Use PowerShell or the Azure portal. While processing the data on a virtual machine, data can be persisted to the Windows page file or Linux swap file, a crash dump, or to an application log. All Azure AD APIs are web-based using SSL through HTTPS to encrypt the data. This article describes best practices for data security and encryption. Data-at-Rest Encryption To protect data saved to disk from unauthorized access at operating system level, the SAP HANA database supports data encryption in the persistence layer for the following types of data: Data in data volumes Redo logs in log volumes Data and log backups can also be encrypted. Encryption at rest keys are made accessible to a service through an access control policy. In some Resource Managers server-side encryption with service-managed keys is on by default. In some circumstances, you might want to isolate the entire communication channel between your on-premises and cloud infrastructures by using a VPN. In some cases, such as irregular encryption requirements or non-Azure based storage, a developer of an IaaS application may need to implement encryption at rest themselves. For information about Microsoft 365 services, see Encryption in Microsoft 365. It is the default connection protocol for Linux VMs hosted in Azure. Discusses the various components taking part in the data protection implementation. Client-side encryption is performed outside of Azure. The scope in this case would be a subscription, a resource group, or just a specific key vault. An understanding of the various encryption models and their pros and cons is essential for understanding how the various resource providers in Azure implement encryption at Rest. This article applies to Azure SQL Database, Azure SQL Managed Instance, and Azure Synapse Analytics (dedicated SQL pools (formerly SQL DW)). Encryption keys are managed by Microsoft and are rotated per Microsoft internal guidelines. TDE protects data and log files, using AES and Triple Data Encryption Standard (3DES) encryption algorithms. SQL Database, SQL Managed Instance, and Azure Synapse need to be granted permissions to the customer-owned key vault to decrypt and encrypt the DEK. To start using TDE with Bring Your Own Key support, see the how-to guide, For more information about Key Vault, see. The CEK is encrypted using a Key Encryption Key (KEK), which can be either a symmetric key or an asymmetric key pair. Transparent data encryption (TDE) helps protect Azure SQL Database, Azure SQL Managed Instance, and Azure Synapse Analytics against the threat of malicious offline activity by encrypting data at rest. Best practices for Azure data security and encryption relate to the following states: Data at rest: This includes all information storage objects, types, and containers that exist statically on physical media. 25 Apr 2023 08:00:29 Any customer using Azure Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) features can achieve encryption at rest for their IaaS VMs and disks through Azure Disk Encryption. Microsoft Azure offers a variety of data storage solutions to meet different needs, including file, disk, blob, and table storage. Update your code to use client-side encryption v2. The three server-side encryption models offer different key management characteristics, which you can choose according to your requirements: Service-managed keys: Provides a combination of control and convenience with low overhead. To configure TDE through PowerShell, you must be connected as the Azure Owner, Contributor, or SQL Security Manager. Below you have examples of how they fit on each model: Software as a Service (SaaS) customers typically have encryption at rest enabled or available in each service. Additionally, Microsoft is working towards encrypting all customer data at rest by default. Azure supports various encryption models, including server-side encryption that uses service-managed keys, customer-managed keys in Key Vault, or customer-managed keys on customer-controlled hardware. All Azure Storage services (Blob storage, Queue storage, Table storage, and Azure Files) support server-side encryption at rest; some services additionally support customer-managed keys and client-side encryption. In Azure, the default setting for TDE is that the DEK is protected by a built-in server certificate. Best practice: Control what users have access to. You can also use the Storage REST API over HTTPS to interact with Azure Storage. Customer-managed TDE is also referred to as Bring Your Own Key (BYOK) support for TDE. In this scenario, the additional layer of encryption continues to protect your data. SSH uses a public/private key pair (asymmetric encryption) for authentication. Azure SQL Database Microsoft gives customers the ability to use Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol to protect data when its traveling between the cloud services and customers. Azure Blob Storage and Azure Table storage supports Storage Service Encryption (SSE), which automatically encrypts your data before persisting to storage and decrypts before retrieval. By using Key Vault, you can encrypt keys and secrets by using keys that are protected by . Microsoft 365 has several options for customers to verify or enable encryption at rest. Independent of the encryption at rest model used, Azure services always recommend the use of a secure transport such as TLS or HTTPS. This type of connection requires an on-premises VPN device that has an external-facing public IP address assigned to it. Data at rest includes information that resides in persistent storage on physical media, in any digital format. By encrypting data, you help protect against tampering and eavesdropping attacks. Azure data encryption-at-rest scheme uses a combination of symmetric and asymmetric keys for establishing the key space. Azure offers many mechanisms for keeping data private as it moves from one location to another. Gets the TDE configuration for a database. To learn more about and download the Azure Storage Client Library for .NET NuGet package, see Windows Azure Storage 8.3.0. Azure services are broadly enhancing Encryption at Rest availability and new options are planned for preview and general availability in the upcoming months. Once an Azure SQL Database customer enables TDE key are automatically created and managed for them. To get started with the Az PowerShell module, see Install Azure PowerShell. Though details may vary, Azure services Encryption at Rest implementations can be described in terms illustrated in the following diagram. Examples are transfer over the network, across a service bus (from on-premises to cloud and vice-versa, including hybrid connections such as ExpressRoute), or during an input/output process. Microsoft also seamlessly moves and manages the keys as needed for geo-replication and restores. In many cases, an organization may determine that resource constraints or risks of an on-premises solution may be greater than the risk of cloud management of the encryption at rest keys. TLS provides strong authentication, message privacy, and integrity (enabling detection of message tampering, interception, and forgery), interoperability, algorithm flexibility, and ease of deployment and use. Classification is identifiable at all times, regardless of where the data is stored or with whom it's shared. Finally, you can also use the Azure Storage Client Library for Java to perform client-side encryption before you upload data to Azure Storage, and to decrypt the data when you download it to the client. You can continue to rely on Microsoft-managed keys for the encryption of your data, or you can manage encryption with your own keys. All Azure Storage redundancy options support encryption, and all data in both the primary and secondary regions is encrypted when geo-replication is enabled. This MACsec encryption is on by default for all Azure traffic traveling within a region or between regions, and no action is required on customers part to enable. Soft-Delete and purge protection must be enabled on any vault storing key encryption keys to protect against accidental or malicious cryptographic erasure. Data encryption keys which are stored outside of secure locations are encrypted with a key encryption key kept in a secure location. Permissions to use the keys stored in Azure Key Vault, either to manage or to access them for Encryption at Rest encryption and decryption, can be given to Azure Active Directory accounts. A TDE certificate is automatically generated for the server that contains the database. When infrastructure encryption is enabled, data in a storage account is encrypted twice once at the service level and once at the infrastructure level with two different encryption algorithms and two different keys. Different models of key storage are supported. Best practice: Grant access to users, groups, and applications at a specific scope. With Azure SQL Database, you can apply symmetric encryption to a column of data by using Transact-SQL. Azure Storage encryption cannot be disabled. Double encryption of data at rest mitigates threats with two, separate layers of encryption to protect against compromises of any single layer. In such an attack, a server's hard drive may have been mishandled during maintenance allowing an attacker to remove the hard drive. Always Encrypted uses a key that created and stored by the client. The management plane and data plane access controls work independently. For Azure SQL Database and Azure Synapse, you can manage TDE for the database in the Azure portal after you've signed in with the Azure Administrator or Contributor account. It covers the major areas of encryption, including encryption at rest, encryption in flight, and key management with Azure Key Vault. Detail: Deletion of key vaults or key vault objects can be inadvertent or malicious. DEK is protected by the TDE protector. However, configuration is complex, and most Azure services dont support this model. Enables or disables transparent data encryption for a database. Best practice: Store certificates in your key vault. For documentation on Transparent Data Encryption for dedicated SQL pools inside Synapse workspaces, see Azure Synapse Analytics encryption. Detail: Use point-to-site VPN. As described previously, the goal of encryption at rest is that data that is persisted on disk is encrypted with a secret encryption key. Data that is already encrypted when it is received by Azure. This includes where and how encryption keys are created, and stored as well as the access models and the key rotation procedures. Increased dependency on network availability between the customer datacenter and Azure datacenters. Detail: Azure Resource Manager can securely deploy certificates stored in Azure Key Vault to Azure VMs when the VMs are deployed. All Azure hosted services are committed to providing Encryption at Rest options. All public cloud service providers enable encryption that is done automatically using provider-managed keys on their platform. In this course, you will learn how to apply additional encryption protection for data at rest on Azure resources, including Azure storage, Azure Disk Encryption, Recovery Vaults, Transparent Data Encryption, and Always Encrypted databases. Data encryption at rest is a mandatory step toward data privacy, compliance, and data sovereignty. In this scenario, the TDE Protector that encrypts the DEK is a customer-managed asymmetric key, which is stored in a customer-owned and managed Azure Key Vault (Azure's cloud-based external key management system) and never leaves the key vault. A more complete Encryption at Rest solution ensures that the data is never persisted in unencrypted form. To learn more about point-to-site VPN connections to Azure virtual networks, see: Configure a point-to-site connection to a virtual network by using certification authentication: Azure portal, Configure a point-to-site connection to a virtual network by using certificate authentication: PowerShell. For operations using encryption keys, a service identity can be granted access to any of the following operations: decrypt, encrypt, unwrapKey, wrapKey, verify, sign, get, list, update, create, import, delete, backup, and restore. There are multiple Azure encryption models. To ensure this data is encrypted at rest, IaaS applications can use Azure Disk Encryption on an Azure IaaS virtual machine (Windows or Linux) and virtual disk. The same encryption key is used to decrypt that data as it is readied for use in memory. You can connect to Azure through a virtual private network that creates a secure tunnel to protect the privacy of the data being sent across the network. For this reason, keys should not be deleted. Azure SQL Managed Instance Data at rest in Azure Blob storage and Azure file shares can be encrypted in both server-side and client-side scenarios. For more information, see Client-side encryption for blobs and queues. The exception is tempdb, which is always encrypted with TDE to protect the data stored there. The configuration steps are different from using an asymmetric key in SQL Database and SQL Managed Instance. No customer control over the encryption keys (key specification, lifecycle, revocation, etc. An attacker who compromises the endpoint can use the user's credentials to gain access to the organization's data. The Azure Blob Storage client libraries for .NET, Java, and Python support encrypting data within client applications before uploading to Azure Storage, and decrypting data while downloading to the client. To start using TDE with Azure Key Vault integration, see the how-to guide Turn on transparent data encryption by using your own key from Key Vault. You can enforce the use of HTTPS when you call the REST APIs to access objects in storage accounts by enabling the secure transfer that's required for the storage account. (used to grant access to Key Vault). Encryption at rest is implemented by using a number of security technologies, including secure key storage systems, encrypted networks, and cryptographic APIs. You don't need to decrypt databases for operations within Azure. This exported content is stored in unencrypted BACPAC files. Administrators can enable SMB encryption for the entire server, or just specific shares. Because your data is secured by default, you don't need to modify your code or applications to take advantage of Azure Storage encryption. The best practices are based on a consensus of opinion, and they work with current Azure platform capabilities and feature sets. Organizations have the option of letting Azure completely manage Encryption at Rest. You can also use Remote Desktop to connect to a Linux VM in Azure. For services that support customer-managed key scenarios, they may support only a subset of the key types that Azure Key Vault supports for key encryption keys. Azure Storage Service Encryption (SSE) can automatically encrypt data before it is stored, and it automatically decrypts the data when you retrieve it. Point-to-site VPNs allow individual client computers access to an Azure virtual network. For remote management, you can use Secure Shell (SSH) to connect to Linux VMs running in Azure. Server-side encryption using service-managed Keys enables this model by allowing customers to mark the specific resource (Storage Account, SQL DB, etc.) Deletion of these keys is equivalent to data loss, so you can recover deleted vaults and vault objects if needed. However, this model might not be sufficient for organizations that have requirements to control the creation or lifecycle of the encryption keys or to have different personnel manage a service's encryption keys than those managing the service (that is, segregation of key management from the overall management model for the service). Use point-in-time-restore feature to move this type of database to another SQL Managed Instance, or switch to customer-managed key. The one exception is when you export a database to and from SQL Database. While some customers may want to manage the keys because they feel they gain greater security, the cost and risk associated with a custom key storage solution should be considered when evaluating this model. For more information, see data encryption models. You can't switch the TDE protector to a key from Key Vault by using Transact-SQL. The Azure resource provider creates the keys, places them in secure storage, and retrieves them when needed. Additionally, services may release support for these scenarios and key types at different schedules. However, service local access to encryption keys is more efficient for bulk encryption and decryption than interacting with Key Vault for every data operation, allowing for stronger encryption and better performance.